Some Signaling Pathways in the Cell Are Chiefly Based on Inhibition

question 40

Multiple Choice

Some signaling pathways in the cell are chiefly based on inhibition rather than activation. For example, proteins that initiate programmed cell death by apoptosis are inhibited by anti-apoptotic proteins, which can in turn be inhibited by a group of pro-apoptotic proteins, and so on. Consider the following networks of inhibitory interactions, in which each protein is inactive if at least one of its inhibitors is active. In which pathway is the activation of either upstream protein (1 or 2) sufficient to inhibit apoptosis?

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Definitions:

Refusing Claims

The act of denying or rejecting claims, often in the context of insurance or customer service disputes.

Adjustments

Changes or modifications made to improve a system, process, or document.

Routine Request

A standard or regular request made in a business or professional context, often for information or action.

Negative Response

A reply or reaction that expresses disagreement, refusal, or disapproval.