A Genetic Form of "Night Blindness" (I

question 29

Multiple Choice

A genetic form of "night blindness" (i.e. poor vision in dim light) is caused by mutations in genes encoding rhodopsin kinase (RK) and arrestin. The mutations reduce the dynamic range of light perception, and the affected individuals have a prolonged light response and adapt very slowly to low light (when entering a dark theater room, for example) . Which of the following mutations do you expect to be the cause?

• A) Loss-of-function RK mutations and loss-of-function arrestin mutations
• B) Loss-of-function RK mutations and gain-of-function arrestin mutations
• C) Gain-of-function RK mutations and loss-of-function arrestin mutations
• D) Gain-of-function RK mutations and gain-of-function arrestin mutations

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Definitions:

Government Spending

The total amount of public funds that a government expends on various national and regional needs, including infrastructure, education, defense, and welfare.

Nondiscretionary Fiscal Policy

Government fiscal policies that are automatic stabilizers, such as taxation and welfare spending, which work without specific government intervention.

Automatic Stabilizers

Economic strategies and initiatives aimed at stabilizing a country's economic fluctuations without further action from the government or policy makers.

Built-in Stabilizer

Economic policies or instruments, like progressive taxation and welfare, that automatically reduce the amplitude of economic fluctuations without additional government intervention.