Read the Paragraph Below and Answer the Questions That Follow

question 15

Multiple Choice

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow.
(1) Just as growing children develop physically in stages, they also progress through stages of moral development. (2) Devised by American psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, the stages describe the moral reasoning that guides decision-making. (3) The earliest stage Kohlberg called "pre-conventional." (4) Here, children base their moral decisions on the outcome of a choice. (5) In other words, something is right or wrong depending on whether they will be punished or praised for doing it. (6) The next level is called the "conventional" stage because people at this level base their moral judgments on the conventions of society. (7) Something is right during this stage if most people agree that it is right. (8) Many people do not pass beyond the conventional level of moral reasoning. (9) Those who do have arrived at what Kohlberg termed the "post-conventional" level, a stage at which people base their moral decisions on personal beliefs. (10) People with such convictions will do what they consider is right even if it contradicts social rules or comes with negative consequences.
How many stages are in the process?

• A) two
• B) three
• C) four

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Definitions:

Hugging

The act of embracing someone with one's arms as a form of physical intimacy or affection.

Optimism

A mindset defined by optimism and faith in achieving success and a bright future.

General Tendency

An overall direction or inclination in behavior, thought, or attitude that is common across different contexts or situations.

Good Outcomes

Positive or desirable results or consequences of an action or situation.