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Below Is a Source Followed by Passage(s) from Student Papers

question 12

Multiple Choice

Below is a source followed by passage(s) from student papers. If the student has summarized, directly quoted, or indirectly quoted the source correctly, select "Correct." If you believe the source is incorrectly summarized or plagiarized, select "Incorrect."
"In May, scientists in the Gulf of Mexico began tracking plumes of methane and oil droplets drifting up to 30 miles from the broken [BP oil] well, at depths of 3,000 to 4,000 feet. One of those scientists was University of Georgia biogeochemist Mandy Joye, who has spent years studying hydrocarbon vents and brine seeps in the deep Gulf. She found a plume the size of Manhattan, and its methane levels were highest she had ever measured in the Gulf. As bacteria feast on spilled oil and methane, they deplete the water of oxygen; at one point Joy found oxygen levels dangerously low for life a water layer 600 feet thick, at depths where fish usually live. Since waters in the deep Gulf mix very slowly, she said, such depleted zones could persist for decades."
⎯ Bourne, Joel. "The Gulf of Oil: The Deep Dilemma."
Green . Boston: Wadsworth, 2013. 100-112. Print.
Student version: I think that America should still be boycotting the BP Oil Company over its disastrous 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Scientists say that the damage caused by this spill may deprive the Gulf waters of oxygen for decades, making large areas uninhabitable for fish. It is absolutely outrageous that people are still pulling up to BP gas stations to fill up their tanks. Instead, we should refuse to buy their fuel (110-111) .

Definitions:

Partial Reinforcer

A reinforcement strategy in which only a portion of responses are rewarded, aimed at strengthening behavior.

Primary Reinforcer

An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need (e.g., food, water, shelter).

Variable-Ratio

A reinforcement schedule where a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses, influencing rapid and consistent response rates.

Fixed-Ratio

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses, commonly used in behavior modification programs.