What Did Demiray and Janssen (2015) Find When They Asked

question 136

Multiple Choice

What did Demiray and Janssen (2015) find when they asked adults between 18 and 80 years of age to report the most important events from their lives and to rate those memories in a number of different ways?

• A) Respondents felt psychologically closer to memories that were positive rather than negative.
• B) Respondents did not remember the details of negative events that had occurred more than 5 or 10 years before they were asked.
• C) Respondents felt psychologically closer to memories that were negative rather than positive.
• D) Respondents did not remember the details of positive events that had occurred more than 5 or 10 years before they were asked.

---

Definitions:

Internalized Control

A psychological process where individuals regulate their own behavior through internalized standards and norms.

Externalized Control

Externalized Control is a psychological concept referring to the belief that one's life and outcomes are predominantly controlled by external forces rather than one's own efforts or abilities.

Informal Sanction

A non-official punishment or reward within a society used to enforce social norms, such as shunning or praise.

Formal Sanctions

Officially recognized actions, penalties, or rewards intended to enforce compliance with laws, rules, or social norms.