The Results of Social Psychological Research on Negative Campaigning in Politics

question 61

Multiple Choice

The results of social psychological research on negative campaigning in politics have ____.

• A)indicated that negative campaigning is almost always more effective than positive campaigning
• B)indicated that positive campaigning is almost always more effective than negative campaigning
• C)indicated that negative campaigning can be an effective strategy for a candidate who is already in the lead but not for a candidate who is behind
• D)been mixed

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Definitions:

Required Return

The smallest yearly percentage gain from an investment necessary to entice people or corporations to invest in a certain security or endeavor.

Risk Aversion

The tendency of investors to prefer lower risk or safer investments to avoid potential losses.

Portfolio Beta

A measure of a portfolio's volatility in relation to the market as a whole; it indicates the sensitivity of the portfolio's returns to market movements.

SML Shifts

Changes in the Security Market Line, a graphical representation of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) that shows different levels of systematic, or market, risk versus return for the whole market.