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Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 7 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage.
In January 2009, U.S. Airways Flight 1549 struck a flock of geese, causing the plane to lose power in both its engines. The situation forced pilot Chesley 'Sully' Sullenberger to perform an emergency landing on the Hudson River outside of New York City. Not only did he land safely, but all 150 passengers survived without a single serious injury. The event had many meaningful effects. Massive media coverage of the landing made 'Sully' a household name. Many hailed him as an American hero. Meanwhile the passengers on the flight, though safe, suffered emotional trauma from the landing. Many refuse to step back onto a plane. Maybe the greatest effect, however, was the impact on the airline industry. The emergency landing led to a greater awareness of the dangers of bird populations near airways. Government agencies have gone so far as to wipe out geese populations in the proximity of airports. In the end, a tragic collision and remarkable emergency landing may result in safer air travel for years to come.
The prevalent pattern of organization in the reading passage is cause-effect.
Base Level
The initial or starting point used for comparison or measurement purposes in various contexts.
Total Costs
The sum of all expenses incurred by a business or individual in producing goods or services, including fixed, variable, and semi-variable costs.
Quantity Of Output
The total amount of goods or services produced by a company or sector.
Production Expenses
Costs directly incurred in the manufacturing of products or delivery of services.
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