Define Vertical Integration and Its Types

question 34

Essay

 Define vertical integration and its types.

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Definitions:

Mantle Upwelling

The process where hotter and more buoyant material rises towards the Earth's surface from the mantle, often affecting tectonic activity.

Continental Rift

A continental rift is a linear zone where the Earth's crust and lithosphere are being pulled apart, often leading to the formation of a new ocean basin.

Andes

A major mountain range in South America that extends over 7,000 km, known for its volcanic activity and diverse ecosystems.

Continental Shelf

The extended perimeter of each continent, lying relatively shallow in the ocean, where the seabed is at a gentle slope before a steep drop off to the ocean floor.