Racker and Stoeckenius Used Synthetic Phospholipid Membrane Vesicles That Contained

question 1

Multiple Choice

Racker and Stoeckenius used synthetic phospholipid membrane vesicles that contained a light-activated protein pump and ATP synthase to test Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis. What was the conclusion of this experiment?

• A) Phospholipid membrane vesicles require a proton gradient to maintain integrity.
• B) ATP synthase is powered by the proton-motive force.
• C) ATP synthase can generate a proton gradient.
• D) Light-activated proton pumps can generate a proton gradient.
• E) Light-activated proton pumps interact with ATP synthase to modulate its activity.

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Definitions:

Phenotypic Variation

The observable differences in appearance and behavior among individuals of the same species due to genetic and environmental influences.

Heritability

A measure of how much of the variation in a trait within a population can be attributed to genetic differences among individuals.

Phenotypic Variation

The observable differences in the appearance, function, or behavior among individuals of the same species, often due to genetic and environmental influences.

Genetic Differences

Genetic differences are variations in the sequences of DNA among individuals or populations, leading to diversity in traits and susceptibilities to diseases.