Indicate Whether the Following Are Examples of Testing Relationships or Differences

question 12

Short Answer

Indicate whether the following are examples of testing relationships or differences.
a. Increased smoking during pregnancy is associated with lower birth weight of infants.
b. Males tend to engage in more physical aggression than females.
c. Students in the study skills course had higher grades than students who were not in the study skills course.

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Definitions:

Moral Development

The growth and changes in understanding of right and wrong, moral values, and behaviors across an individual's lifespan.

Piaget

A Swiss psychologist known for his pioneering work in child development, particularly his theory of cognitive development that describes how children's intellectual abilities evolve as they grow.

Moral Realism

The philosophical viewpoint asserting that ethical statements refer to objective features of the world, which are independent of human opinion.

Moral Development

The process by which individuals learn to distinguish right from wrong, making ethical decisions and understanding societal norms.