Which of the Following Is a Definition of the Covariance

question 8

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a definition of the covariance between X and Y?

• A) Correlation between X and Y times variance of X times variance of Y
• B) Variance of X times the variance of Y
• C) Correlation between X and Y divided by the product of the standard deviation of X and the standard deviation of Y
• D) Correlation between X and Y times standard deviation of X times standard deviation of Y

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Definitions:

Economic Incentives

Financial motivations designed to encourage or discourage certain behaviors among individuals or organizations.

Rational

Relating to, based on, or capable of reasoning that is coherent and consistent, often used to describe decisions or thought processes.

Classical Approach

A management theory that emphasizes a structured form of organization, focused on efficiency, and based on principles of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.

Bureaucracy

A system of administration characterized by strict policies, procedures, and hierarchy, often within large organizations.