The Pre-Post Designs Are Similar to Within-Subjects Designs; However, in a Pre-Post

question 15

Multiple Choice

The Pre-post designs are similar to within-subjects designs; however, in a Pre-post design, it is impossible to ____.

• A) randomly assign participants
• B) counterbalance order of treatments
• C) control for differential effects
• D) generalize the results

---

Definitions:

Anterior-Posterior Axis

A directional axis in biology, referring to the front (anterior) and back (posterior) orientation of an organism or its parts.

Ray-Finned Fishes

A class (Actinopterygii) of modern bony fishes; contains about 95% of living fish species.

Tetrapods

A vertebrate group that includes all species with four limbs, such as amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, including those that have lost limbs through evolution.

Eutherian Mammal

A type of mammal characterized by complex placental development, giving birth to live young at a relatively developed stage.