Research by Apfelbaum and Colleagues (2008) Indicates That When It

question 30

Multiple Choice

Research by Apfelbaum and colleagues (2008) indicates that when it comes to norms regarding the acknowledgment of race

• A) the older White kids get, the more comfortable they are discussing race.
• B) 8- and 9-year-old kids are even more concerned about political correctness than 10- and 11-year-olds.
• C) it is not until early adulthood that people start to develop concerns about race-related norms.
• D) unlike younger children, older children are sometimes willing to sacrifice task performance for the goal of avoiding uncomfortable race-related conversation.

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Definitions:

Fuzzy Set

A mathematical concept where an element's membership in a set is graded rather than binary, reflecting real-world ambiguities.

Exemplar

A typical or standard example that represents a larger category or idea.

Self-Schema

A cognitive representation of oneself that includes beliefs, feelings, and experiences, guiding how information about self is processed.

Ideal Self

A person's conception of how they would like to be, often serving as a motivation for self-improvement.