Which of the Following Is NOT a Tenet of a Top-Down

question 13

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a tenet of a top-down model of reading?

• A) A skilled reader goes directly from print to meaning, without transferring the information to speech.
• B) Early stages of reading instruction focus on teaching decoding skills, sight words, and connected reading activities to gain meaning.
• C) Reading is an active process in which the reader uses background knowledge to gain meaning as the text is read.
• D) Only after decoding skills have become automatic can students begin to focus the majority of attention to the meaning of text.

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Definitions:

Hepatic Portal System

A system of veins that carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for detoxification and metabolism before it enters the general circulation.

Detoxify Substances

The process by which toxic substances are removed or transformed into less harmful compounds in the body.

Capillary Beds

Networks of capillaries within body tissues that facilitate exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.

Median Cubital Vein

A superficial vein located at the elbow, which is often used for venipuncture or to administer intravenous therapy.