With Which Type of Observation Technique Do Researchers Observe Tangible

question 57

Multiple Choice

With which type of observation technique do researchers observe tangible evidence of some event, such as measuring the amount of graffiti on buildings to indicate the potential crime in an area?

• A) disguised
• B) archives
• C) surrogate
• D) physical traces
• E) undisguised

---

Definitions:

Experimenter's Bias

A form of bias introduced by the experimenter whose expectations about the outcome of the experiment can be subtly communicated to the participants.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

Systematic Bias

A consistent and pervasive error in judgment or procedure that leads to inaccurate conclusions or assessments, often resulting from a particular perspective or methodology.

Confirmation Bias

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.