Read the Following Passage and Answer the Accompanying Questions

question 1

Multiple Choice

Read the following passage and answer the accompanying questions. Rupture of the cruciate ligament is a common injury to the stifle joint of dogs. The cranial cruciate ligament is more commonly ruptured than the caudal ligament. Rupture of either cruciate ligament may be accompanied by rupture of the medial collateral ligament and damage to the medial meniscus. Acute lameness is the most common sign of a cruciate ligament rupture, which will decrease in severity over time. Chronic lameness and osteoarthritis may result if the stifle joint is not stabilized via surgery. The paragraph points out that:

• A) rupture of the cruciate ligament is rare
• B) both cruciate ligaments are usually ruptured
• C) the medial meniscus may also be injured with cruciate ruptures
• D) acute lameness is seen in dogs for about 4 to 6 weeks following cruciate rupture

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Definitions:

Goal-Directed Behavior

Behavior in which several schemes are combined and coordinated to generate a single act to solve a problem.

Secondary Circular Reactions

A stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development where infants (4-8 months) repeat pleasurable actions that are centered on their own body.

Primary Circular Reactions

Repetitive actions focused on the body that infants engage in for pleasure, part of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development.

Schema

A cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information, based on past experiences and knowledge.