Researchers Conduct a Prospective Study That Demonstrates an Association Between

question 95

Multiple Choice

Researchers conduct a prospective study that demonstrates an association between alcohol consumption and transitional bladder carcinoma, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.81 and a p-value of 0.03.  They then divide the study subjects into 2 groups, smokers and non-smokers, and again examine the association between alcohol consumption and bladder cancer: The discrepancy between the overall results and the stratified results is best explained by which of the following?

• A)Confounding
• B)Effect modification
• C)Measurement bias
• D)Meta-analysis
• E)Observer bias
• F)Recall bias

---

Definitions:

Sensationalizing

The act of presenting information in a way that provokes public interest and excitement, often at the expense of accuracy or truth.

Biased Information

Information that is presented in a way that unfairly influences someone's perception or opinion.

Large Corporations

Very large business entities, often multinational, with significant market power and resources.

Accessible

Easily reached or entered; available to people with disabilities.