The Public Health Department of a Developing Country Performs an Epidemiologic

question 128

Multiple Choice

The public health department of a developing country performs an epidemiologic study to assess the nationwide incidence of upper respiratory infections among children.  The data show a high rate of childhood bacterial pharyngitis.  Current practice guidelines indicate that a rapid test should be performed in children to identify the presence of bacterial antigens.  If this test is negative, a throat culture, the gold standard for definitive diagnosis, is then performed.  To offset cost and avoid losing patients to follow-up, the department is considering recommending the empiric use of penicillin for the treatment of suspected bacterial pharyngitis.  Which of the following would be expected to decrease after long-term implementation of this guideline?

• A)Deaths associated with diarrheal illness
• B)Diagnoses of serum sickness-like reactions
• C)Incidence of nephritic syndrome
• D)Need for cardiac surgery
• E)Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics

---

Definitions:

Adult

An individual who has reached maturity or the legal age of majority, typically recognized by society and law as responsible and self-sufficient.

Infant

A very young child or baby, typically aged from birth to one year.

Behavior Modification

A therapeutic approach designed to change undesirable behaviors through reinforcement strategies.

Overweight

Having a body weight more than what is considered normal or healthy for a certain height, often measured by body mass index (BMI).