A 4-Year-Old Boy Is Brought to the Office Due to Hoarseness

question 281

Multiple Choice

A 4-year-old boy is brought to the office due to hoarseness.  The parents report that he has had worsening hoarseness for the past year, and his voice now sounds very raspy and rough.  Flexible laryngoscopy is performed and shows bilateral lesions on the true vocal cords.  Removal of these lesions is performed via direct laryngoscopy.  Histopathologic analysis shows a fibrovascular core with benign squamous cells.  The physician explains to the parents that this is likely due to a viral infection acquired through which of the following routes of transmission?

• A)Arthropod vector
• B)Direct droplet
• C)Indirect contact
• D)Vertical direct contact
• E)Waterborne

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Definitions:

Real Wage

The purchasing power of a person's earnings, accounting for inflation, defining what goods and services can actually be bought with wages.

Consumer Price Index

A measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, such as transportation, food, and medical care, intended to represent the monthly change in the price level experienced by consumers.

Nominal Wage Rate

The wage rate paid to employees unadjusted for inflation, representing the amount of money received per unit of time.

Real Wage Rate

The compensation received per hour of work after adjusting for inflation, indicating the actual value of wages.