A 75-Year-Old Man Is Brought to the Emergency Department by Paramedics

question 417

Multiple Choice

A 75-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by paramedics following a high-speed motor vehicle accident.  Several attempts are made to resuscitate him but are unsuccessful.  The patient had no significant past medical history and took no medications.  He was known to be in good health and tolerant of moderate levels of physical activity.  Electrocardiogram findings at his last office visit showed no abnormalities.  At autopsy, heavy calcifications of the aortic valve are seen.  Which of the following most likely preceded the aortic valve changes observed in this patient?

• A)Cell necrosis
• B)Extracellular amyloid deposition
• C)Hypercalcemia
• D)Intracellular hemosiderin accumulation
• E)Pathologic cell hypertrophy

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Definitions:

Arousal Level

A concept in psychology referring to the degree of alertness, wakefulness, or activation of the central nervous system, impacting performance and behavior.

Valence

The intrinsic attractiveness (positive valence) or averseness (negative valence) of an event, object, or situation.

Resilient Individuals

People who are able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions or situations with strength and positivity.

Broaden-And-Build Model

Fredrickson’s model of positive emotion, stating that the function of positive emotions lies in their effects on an individual’s attention and ability to build resources.