The Patient Is Tachypneic and Unable to Speak in Full

question 416

Multiple Choice

The patient is tachypneic and unable to speak in full sentences.  Examination reveals prolonged expiration and prominent bilateral wheezing.  Heart sounds are normal.  Chest imaging shows a normal-sized heart and hyperinflated lungs with a flattened diaphragm.  Bedside echocardiogram reveals no intrapericardial fluid accumulation or pericardial thickening.  Which of the following physiologic changes is most likely to provide immediate relief in this patient?

• A)cAMP accumulation in smooth muscle cells
• B)Cell membrane stabilization of mast cells
• C)Inhibition of eosinophil degranulation
• D)Interrupted histamine receptor firing in epithelial cells
• E)Opening of calcium channels in smooth muscle cells

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Definitions:

Above-equilibrium Wage

A wage rate set higher than the market equilibrium, often leading to decreased unemployment and potentially excess supply of labor.

Human Capital Investment

The expenditure of resources on education, training, and health, aiming to increase the productivity and earnings potential of individuals.

Worker Training

The process of providing employees with the skills and knowledge they need to perform their jobs effectively.

Real Wages

Wages that have been adjusted for inflation, reflecting the purchasing power of income.