A political advisor believes that his candidate should not spend time addressing groups of voters who have a low opinion of him. The advisor reasons if they have a low opinion the voter won t change his mind anyway. To test this idea the advisor gets a group from an audience to rate the candidate before and after a speech. From this group he selects a sample of voters who initially rated the candidate poorly and then analyzes the effect of the speech. Here are the data. A higher rating indicates a higher opinion. 
a. What is the value of T obt ?
b. What do you conclude using a = 0.05 1 tail ?
c. What type error might one be making?
Definitions:
Incentives
Rewards or motives that encourage individuals to perform certain actions or behaviors.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
A theory suggesting that there is an optimal level of arousal for the best performance of a task: too little arousal can lead to insufficient motivation, whereas too much can impair performance.
Moderate Arousal
An optimal level of alertness and physical and mental activation that is conducive to effective, efficient performance on tasks.
Sport Psychologist
A professional who applies psychological principles to athletic activity and exercise to help athletes improve performance, cope with pressure, and recover from injuries.
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