Which of the Following Must Be Present for a Fraud

question 111

Multiple Choice

Which of the following must be present for a fraud to exist?

• A) A material false statement
• B) Knowledge that the statement was false when it was uttered
• C) Reliance on the fast statement by the victim
• D) All of the above

---

Definitions:

Catastrophizing

The cognitive distortion that leads individuals to see an unfavorable outcome as the worst possible outcome, often far exceeding the actual situation.

Avoid-Avoid Inner Conflict

A psychological dilemma where an individual must choose between two undesirable options.

Ethnocentrism

The conviction that one's own ethnic group or culture is superior by nature, frequently coupled with a contempt for differing groups.

Type A Personality

A personality pattern characterized by high levels of competitiveness, self-imposed stress, impatience, and a constant sense of urgency.