Refer to the Figure

question 18

Multiple Choice

Refer to the figure.
Based on these findings, the male red-collared widowbird's tail length and red collar are

• A) deceitful signals because they incur a cost to the receiver.
• B) honest signals because males are incapable of cheating the system by investing in both traits.
• C) badges of status because they indicate the male's dominance status.
• D) redundant signals because they increase robustness of the same information.

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Definitions:

Dependency Theory

A theory that suggests developing nations remain impoverished and dependent due to the exploitation and influence of developed nations.

World Stratification

This term describes the hierarchical layering of countries, often based on economic status, such as developed, developing, and underdeveloped, highlighting global inequalities.

Economic Development

The process of improving the economic well-being and quality of life for a community or country by increasing income, reducing poverty, and managing sustainable growth.

Fertility Rates

The average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime, given current birth rates.