Discuss the Pathogenesis of Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

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The Answer is The dominant risk factor for transitional cell urinary bladder cancer is cigarette smoking, which accounts for about two thirds of new cases in men and one third of new cases in women. Epidemiologic cohort and case control studies have consistently observed up to 3-fold increases in the relative risk of developing transitional cell bladder cancer among chronic smokers compared to nonsmokers, as well as dose response relationships with the number of cigarettes smoked and duration of smoking. Urinary bladder carcinogenesis associated with smoking is primarily the result of aromatic amines and arylamines present in cigarette smoke that reach the bladder mucosa.
A number of environmental and occupational factors increase the risk of transitional cell bladder cancer. These include occupational exposure to arylamines such as 2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl, benzidine, and other compounds and intermediates in the synthesis of azo-dyes and pigments used in the textile, printing, plastic, rubber, and cable industries.

Discuss the Pathogenesis of Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

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