In Which of the Following Hypotheses Is the Independent Variable

question 65

Multiple Choice

In which of the following hypotheses is the independent variable (in other words, the temporal order or direction of influence) most clear?

• A) The more often you interact with someone, the more you like him or her.
• B) Students who have firm career goals achieve higher GPAs than those who do not have firm career goals.
• C) The more often a student drinks, the more likely that he or she is depressed.
• D) The greater the level of parent-child communication, the less likely that a child is delinquent.
• E) Children who are breast-fed tend to have higher IQ scores than those who are not breast-fed.

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Definitions:

Class Backgrounds

The social strata or categories that individuals belong to based on their family history, occupation, education, and income.

Educational Attainment

Refers to the highest level of education that an individual has completed, often measured in terms of degrees or certifications.

Social Exclusion

A process through which individuals or groups are systematically blocked from various rights, opportunities, and resources that are normally available to members of society and which are key to social integration.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A situation where a belief or expectation, whether accurate or not, results in behavior that makes the initially anticipated outcome come to pass.