A Direct Causal Association Implies There Is Some Sort of Intermediate

question 13

True/False

A direct causal association implies there is some sort of intermediate step between the variable X and the outcome Y.

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Definitions:

Fetal Stage

The final stage of prenatal development, typically from the end of the ninth week of pregnancy until birth, where significant growth and maturation of the fetus occur.

Teratogen

Any agent that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus, potentially leading to birth defects or developmental issues.

Malnourished

A condition in which a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein, and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on tissue/body form, function, or clinical outcome.

Alcohol

A chemical compound commonly found in beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits, known for its psychoactive effects on humans.