The Analgesic Effect of Tramadol Is Partly Attributed to Which

question 3

Multiple Choice

The analgesic effect of tramadol is partly attributed to which action?

• A) inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
• B) activation of descending inhibitory pathways
• C) activation of α₂-adrenoceptors in the spinal cord
• D) depletion of substance P from afferent neurons
• E) partial agonist activity at kappa opioid receptors

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Definitions:

Cognitive Development

The development of cognitive processes such as memory, problem-solving, and decision-making, from early childhood to adult age.

Psychosocial Theory

A theory proposed by Erik Erikson that outlines eight stages of psychological development influenced by social interactions.

Freud's Psychoanalytic

A theory of personality development, founded by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes unconscious processes, childhood experiences, and sexual and aggressive drives.

Cognitive Perspective

The approach that focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world.