A Patient with Heart Failure Is Given an Intravenous Dobutamine

question 1

Multiple Choice

A patient with heart failure is given an intravenous dobutamine infusion to reduce impedance to left ventricular ejection. Which receptors mediate this effect of dobutamine?

• A) dopamine D1 receptors
• B) α1-adrenoceptors
• C) α 2-adrenoceptors
• D) β1-adrenoceptors
• E) β 2-adrenoceptors

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Definitions:

Macrophage

A type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, and pathogens, playing a key role in the immune system.

Infected Tissue

Body tissues that have been invaded by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to disease.

Prostaglandins

A group of physiologically active lipid compounds having diverse hormone-like effects in animals, such as regulating inflammation and body temperature.

Smooth Muscle Relaxation

A physiological process whereby the smooth muscle fibers relax, leading to a decrease in tension in the muscles found within the walls of certain hollow organs or tubes in the body, such as the intestines or blood vessels.