Connell and Sousa Criticized Sutherland's Experiments on Alternative Stable States

question 19

Multiple Choice

Connell and Sousa criticized Sutherland's experiments on alternative stable states in fouling communities on the grounds that

• A) the experiments were conducted over too much time.
• B) fouling communities without predators may not be sustainable in nature.
• C) the system clearly demonstrated hysteresis.
• D) the predator-exclusion cages were not totally effective.

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Definitions:

Vastus Lateralis

A muscle located on the side of the thigh, important for knee extension and stabilizing the leg.

Deltoid Muscle

A large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint, involved in arm rotation and lifting.

Dorsogluteal

An area of the buttocks used as a site for intramuscular injections, though less favored due to proximity to major nerves.

IV Piggyback

A method of administering medication where a secondary IV container is connected to the primary IV line to infuse medication, typically at a prescribed interval.