A Valid Statistical Association in Any Analytic Study Design Requires

question 1

Multiple Choice

A valid statistical association in any analytic study design requires consideration of confounding. Which of the following best describes confounding?

• A) When an extrinsic factor influences the disease outcome and may or may not influence the exposure
• B) When the exposure variable influences the extrinsic factor, which then influences the disease outcome
• C) When an extrinsic factor influences the disease outcome and, independent of that relationship, also influences the exposure
• D) When an exposure and disease outcome are related

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