Bok Sets Out Four Premises in Support of the Principle

question 74

Essay

Bok sets out four premises in support of the principle of professional-client confidentiality and later discusses circumstances under which each could legitimately be overridden. State these four premises and apply them to what Bok calls the "paradoxical" situations of "the sick, the poor, the mentally ill, the aged, and the very young." What does Bok mean by "paradoxical" here? How would you use this criteria for overriding confidentiality in these cases?

---

Definitions:

Political Leaders

Individuals who hold positions of authority in government and make decisions that affect public policies, laws, and the community.

Discipline Referrals

The process of sending a student to a school administrator or disciplinary body for violating school policies or behavioral expectations, typically resulting in further action.

Student Attendance Rates

The percentage of enrolled students present at school during a given time period.

Teacher Retention Rates

The percentage of educators who remain in their teaching positions over a specified period, often used as an indicator of the stability and attractiveness of teaching jobs.