Consider an Experiment in Which a Pharmaceutical Company Is Testing

question 30

Multiple Choice

Consider an experiment in which a pharmaceutical company is testing a new drug that they hope will lower cholesterol levels. They administer three treatments: A dose of the drug, a dose of a placebo, and a control group that receives neither drug nor placebo. after 24 hours they then measured the cholesterol levels and compared the values to baseline levels measured prior to treatment. The table below shows the results of the experiment.
​​ $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}\hline \text { Treatment } & \text { Chol. lower } & \begin{array}{l}\text { Chol. increased } \\\text { or the same }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Drug } & 64 & 36 \\\hline \text { Placebo } & 51 & 49 \\\hline \text { Control } & 48 & 52 \\\hline\end{array}$
-To determine whether there appears to be a statistically significant relationship between diet and weight gain or loss they would conduct a ?² analysis. When performing this analysis, which of the values below is closest to the contribution to the ?² statistic from the "drug : cholesterol lower" category?

• A) 1.72
• B) 1.91
• C) 2.05
• D) 2.21

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Definitions:

Excitatory Generalization Gradient

The tendency for the conditioned response to be elicited by stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.

Conditioned Stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that, after being repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus, begins to elicit a conditioned response on its own.

Conditioned Response

The learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus that becomes conditioned through association with an unconditioned stimulus.

Stimulus Generalization

The tendency for a learned response to stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus to evoke the same response, without having been explicitly taught.