Learned Helplessness Is Less Likely to Occur When the Subject

question 108

Multiple Choice

Learned helplessness is less likely to occur when the subject experiences _______ before the helplessness treatment.

• A) an aversive Pavlovian contingency
• B) an inescapable aversive stimulus
• C) an escape contingency
• D) a punishment contingency

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Definitions:

South Atlantic Drift

A significant ocean current in the southern Atlantic Ocean that circulates warm water and influences climate patterns in the surrounding regions.

Vertical Hierarchy

An organizational structure where power and authority are concentrated at the top, and decisions flow downward.

Downward Communication

A form of organizational communication that flows from higher levels of the organization to lower levels, typically used for giving instructions, providing feedback, or conveying decisions.

Horizontal Specialization

The division of work in an organization where tasks are divided among departments or teams based on expertise or functions, leading to specialization in certain areas.