To Test Attention, Learning, and Memory in Pigeons, Researchers Use

question 66

Multiple Choice

To test attention, learning, and memory in pigeons, researchers use the following protocol. Subjects are trained with compound stimuli (/// on a red key, + on a green key, § on a blue key, and ≡ on an orange key) ; the /// red and § blue keys are rewarded, and the + green and ≡ orange keys are not. In the second phase, subjects' reaction times are tested to brief presentations of (1) first the symbol and then the colored key, or (2) no symbol and just the colored key. The subjects' task is to respond to the rewarded key colors and not respond to nonrewarded key colors. Researchers measure reaction times and response error rates to determine if the symbol cue helped subjects respond more quickly and accurately. This task is referred to as a _______ task.

• A) divided attention
• B) delayed matching-to-sample
• C) matching-to-sample
• D) priming

Understand the physiological mechanisms influencing hunger, including the action of insulin and glucagon.

Explain the concept of sensation seeking and related research findings.

Recognize different theories of emotion and motivational theories, including their application to everyday situations.

Understand the foundational theories of motivation and their key proponents.

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Definitions:

Homo Economicus

An idealized concept of a rational and self-interested individual, considered in economic theories to predict decision-making behaviors.

Innate Sense

A natural or inborn feeling, knowledge, or ability, not learned through experience but inherent at birth.

Post-Impressionist

An art movement that developed in the late 19th century as a reaction against Impressionists' focus on the natural depiction of light and color, emphasizing more symbolic content, formal order, and structure.

Master

A person with the highest level of skill and proficiency in a specific craft or discipline, often recognized as a leader or teacher in their field.