Refer to the Scenario Below to Answer the Questions That

question 97

Multiple Choice

Refer to the scenario below to answer the questions that follow.
In an extended experiment, rats receive five kinds of trials within four-hour-long sessions of daily training over a period of five months. A tone is followed by food only when it is preceded by a small light on the left side of the wall (L_L) ; no food is given when the tone is presented by itself (L_L→T+, T‒) . A small light on the right side of the wall (R_L) is followed by food when it was preceded by a clicker; no food is given when the tone is presented by itself (C→R_L+, R_L‒) . Finally, a white noise (N) is followed by food 40% of the time.
-If L_L is an occasion setter, the rats will respond

• A) to the presence of L_L by rearing only when T is present.
• B) with head jerking when T is preceded by L_L.
• C) with rearing and head jerking during T when it is preceded by L_L.
• D) as much to L_L→T as to T.

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Definitions:

Exogenous Genetic Material

Material from outside the organism that is inserted into its genetic code, typically through viruses or genetic engineering.

Disruptive Selection

Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that favors individuals with extreme phenotypes over those with intermediate phenotypes.

Sympatric Speciation

The process of speciation occurring within a shared geographic area, where reproductive isolation occurs without physical barriers.

Stabilizing Selection

A type of natural selection that favors the average individuals in a population and works against extreme phenotypes.