Design an Observational Study on a Topic of Your Choice

question 21

Essay

Design an observational study on a topic of your choice. Make sure that there are at least 2 independent variables in the study. Alternatively, you may use a study you designed for the essay questions in prior chapters, if appropriate. Discuss what steps you would take to assess the internal validity of a causal relationship between the outcome and one of the independent variables. Explain the reasoning for your assessment process.

Identify and respond to adverse drug reactions and toxicities.

Manage and interpret the therapeutic ranges of drugs and adjust doses accordingly.

Understand and identify side effects of medications.

Apply knowledge of pharmacology in patient pain management.

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Definitions:

Sympathetic Nervous System

A part of the autonomic nervous system that activates the body's fight-or-flight response during stressful situations.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A progressive lung disease that makes it hard to breathe due to obstruction of airflow.

Wakefulness

The state of being awake and aware of one's environment, contrasted with sleep or unconsciousness.

Benzodiazepine

A class of psychoactive drugs used to treat conditions such as anxiety, insomnia, and seizures by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA in the brain.