Which of the Following Is NOT a Characteristic of Post

question 41

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of post normal science (PNS) ?

• A) Funtowicz and Ravetz (1992) provide a new scientific paradigm from traditional assumptions of academic forms of science.
• B) As scientific questions increase in their complexity and system uncertainty - so too should there be an increase in who is involved in finding answers to them.
• C) Individual scientists are hired by industry and NGOs as consultants.
• D) All of the above are characteristics of PNS.

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Definitions:

Non-zero-sum Game

A scenario in game theory where the sum of outcomes for all players does not equal zero, allowing for mutual benefit or loss.

Equity Game

A scenario or experiment in psychology and economics that studies people's concepts of fairness and distribution of resources.

Moral Dilemmas

Situations in which a person must choose between two or more actions, each of which is morally demanding or where the right course of action is not immediately clear.

Moral Intuitions

Judgments (about whether an action is right or wrong) that occur automatically and rely on emotional feelings.