Solved

In This Article Edwards Attacks the Cosmological Argument, Specifically Aquinas's

question 4

Multiple Choice

In this article Edwards attacks the cosmological argument, specifically Aquinas's causal and contingency versions, holding that the argument fails at several points. Against the causal argument, he argues that the premise asserting the impossibility of an infinite series is false. Even if the argument were sound, he says, it would not prove the existence of a single first cause because a plurality of causes cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, the argument is not helped by the theist's distinction between causes that bring something into existence (causes in fieri) and causes that sustain something in existence (causes in esse) . Some defend the causal argument by insisting that even if there were an infinite series of causes, there still must be an ultimate cause of the series as a whole. Edwards counters that such notions rest on the "erroneous assumption that the series is something over and above the members of which it is composed." Against the contingency argument, Edwards maintains that to explain a contingent phenomenon, we do not need to posit a necessary being and that those who make such a demand beg the question at issue.
-Paley says that for us to conclude that a machine was the result of design or a designer, it is not necessary that the machine be

Definitions:

Consumption Function

An economic formula that expresses the relationship between total consumption and gross national income, indicating how much households are likely to spend.

Disposable Income

Disposable income refers to the amount of money individuals or households have available to spend or save after income taxes are deducted.

Marginal Propensity

The ratio of change in an economic variable (e.g., consumption, saving) to a change in another economic variable (e.g., income).

Disposable Income

Post-tax income that households can allocate towards savings and expenses.