In This Article Edwards Attacks the Cosmological Argument, Specifically Aquinas's

question 6

True/False

In this article Edwards attacks the cosmological argument, specifically Aquinas's causal and contingency versions, holding that the argument fails at several points. Against the causal argument, he argues that the premise asserting the impossibility of an infinite series is false. Even if the argument were sound, he says, it would not prove the existence of a single first cause because a plurality of causes cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, the argument is not helped by the theist's distinction between causes that bring something into existence (causes in fieri) and causes that sustain something in existence (causes in esse). Some defend the causal argument by insisting that even if there were an infinite series of causes, there still must be an ultimate cause of the series as a whole. Edwards counters that such notions rest on the "erroneous assumption that the series is something over and above the members of which it is composed." Against the contingency argument, Edwards maintains that to explain a contingent phenomenon, we do not need to posit a necessary being and that those who make such a demand beg the question at issue.
-Paley admits that his argument could support the idea of self-supporting nature in need of no supernatural creature.

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A type of labor union organizing strategy focusing on workers who practice a specific trade or craft, aiming to protect their interests and maintain high standards in their profession.

Industrial Unionism

A labor movement strategy where all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union, regardless of their specific trade or profession.

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Pertains to work, especially manual work done for wages, and can include discussions around the workforce, employment conditions, and workers' rights.