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In This Selection Ryle Criticizes Cartesian Dualism, Which He Labels

question 10

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In this selection Ryle criticizes Cartesian dualism, which he labels "the Ghost in the Machine," as involving a category mistake. A category mistake is a confusion one slips into when something that belongs to one category or context is mistakenly taken to belong to another. Ryle argues that just because we speak of bodily functions and mental functions as different in no way entails that they are two entirely separate entities. Ryle believes that this functional language can be reduced to observation language.
-If Ryle is correct, the contrast between mind and matter will dissipate.


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A class of ownership in a corporation with a fixed dividend that is paid before any dividends are paid to common stockholders. Preferred stock typically does not have voting rights.

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A profitability ratio that measures how efficiently a company can manage its assets to produce net income, calculated by dividing net income by total assets.

Net Income

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