Chalmers Argues for a Theory of Mind Known as "Property

question 7

True/False

Chalmers argues for a theory of mind known as "property dualism" (also "nonreductive materialism" and "naturalistic dualism"). In this view, mental states, or properties, are distinct from physical properties, and arise from the physical properties without being reducible to, or identical to, them (and without being some kind of Cartesian substance). Philosophers like to say that this relationship between the mental and physical is one of supervenience-that is, mental properties supervene on the physical ones. This means that something possesses a mental property in virtue of having a physical property. The mental property depends on the physical one, arises from it, but is not identical to it. If true, reductive materialism must be false. "This failure of materialism," says Chalmers, "leads to a kind of dualism: there are both physical and nonphysical features of the world." Mental properties are features of the world that are "over and above the physical features of the world."
-Block tries to show that functionalism must be false because it is possible to introduce an appropriate functional organization into some system and yet no mental states are brought into existence.

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Definitions:

Direct Labor Costs

The wages and related expenses for employees who are directly involved in the production of goods or services.

Rate Variance

The difference between the standard cost and the actual cost based on the rate of an input.

Direct Labor Time Variance

The difference between the actual time taken to produce a good or service and the expected time, multiplied by the standard labor rate.

Direct Materials Quantity Variance

A measure of the difference between the actual quantity of materials used in production and the standard expected quantity.