Solved

Russ Shafer-Landau Is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin-Madison

question 1

Multiple Choice

Russ Shafer-Landau is professor of philosophy at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is the author, editor, or coeditor of several books including The Fundamentals of Ethics, fourth edition (2017) and The Ethical Life, fourth edition (2017) . He is also the editor of Oxford Studies in Metaethics. In this reading he reviews some common criticisms of utilitarianism and argues that although some of them are less than decisive, others pose serious problems for the theory. Utilitarianism's most crippling shortcomings are its insistence that there is no intrinsic wrongness (or rightness) and its requirement that we must maximize well-being even if justice is thwarted.
-According to Shafer-Landau, contrary to utilitarianism, morality sometimes seems to recommend

Definitions:

Excludable

Referring to a good, describes the case in which the supplier can prevent those who do not pay from consuming the good.

Nonrival

A property of a good or service where its consumption by one individual does not reduce availability for others, often found in public goods.

Private Good

A good that is both excludable and rivalrous, meaning it can only be used by one person at a time, and access to it can be restricted.

Excludable

A characteristic of a good or service that allows owners or producers to prevent others from using it without permission or payment.