Thomas Nagel Is Professor of Philosophy at New York University

question 5

True/False

Thomas Nagel is professor of philosophy at New York University and the author of several works in moral and political philosophy. In this selection Nagel challenges the Kantian way of viewing morality, which assumes that we are all equal rational participants in the moral enterprise, each having the same opportunity to be moral. Nagel suggests that this view is simplistic and fails to take into account the manner in which external factors impinge upon us. They introduce the idea of moral luck, which he defines thus: "Where a significant aspect of what someone does depends on factors beyond his control, yet we continue to treat him in that respect as an object of moral judgment, it can be called moral luck."
Four types of moral luck are considered: constitutive luck, circumstantial luck, consequential luck in which consequences retrospectively justify an otherwise immoral act (or fail to justify an otherwise moral act), and consequential luck in which the consequences affect the type of blame or remorse (or moral praise).
-Nagel puts forth a solution to the problem of moral luck.

---

Definitions:

Interest Rates

The percentage at which interest is paid by borrowers for the use of money that they borrow from a lender.

Investments

The act of allocating resources, usually money, with the expectation of generating an income or profit.

Order

The arrangement or sequence of objects or events, or a principle of arrangement; in mathematics, it often refers to the degree of a polynomial or differential equation.

Matrix

A rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns, that is used in mathematics to represent and solve linear equations and perform other operations.