The Scholar Thomas Craemer Has Calculated the Hours Worked by Enslaved

question 3

True/False

The scholar Thomas Craemer has calculated the hours worked by enslaved black men, women, and children from 1776 (the Declaration of Independence) to 1865 (the official end to slavery). He estimated that the cost of reparations for this largely uncompensated labor would be in the range of $500 million to $1 billion.

---

Definitions:

Social Control

The mechanisms, strategies, and institutions society employs to enforce norms and laws, guiding individual and group behavior.

Androgens

Hormones that play a key role in the development of male traits and reproductive activity.

Chromosome Combination

The specific arrangement of chromosomes received from both parents that determines genetic traits.

Testes

The male reproductive glands responsible for producing sperm and the hormone testosterone.