The Tendency of Individuals Who Know They Are Under Observation

question 110

Multiple Choice

The tendency of individuals who know they are under observation to alter their natural behavior is termed

• A) participant reactivity.
• B) observer bias.
• C) observer reactivity.
• D) participant bias.

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Definitions:

Nash Equilibrium

A concept in game theory where no player can gain by changing their strategy while the other players keep theirs unchanged.

Maximin Strategy

A strategy used in decision-making that maximizes the minimum gain that can be achieved, often used in situations involving uncertainty and risk.

Incumbent Monopoly

A situation where a single company dominates a market or industry, often due to having established a strong presence over time.

Excess Capacity

The situation in which a firm produces less than its potential output, often indicated by idle resources or facilities.