Hiatal Hernias May Be Caused by All of the Following

question 1

Multiple Choice

Hiatal hernias may be caused by all of the following except:

• A) Exogenous acids in food
• B) Smoking
• C) Caffeine
• D) Heartburn in pregnancy
• E) Reflux of gastric juice

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Definitions:

Progressive Income Tax

A tax system where the tax rate increases as the taxable income of the taxpayer increases, aiming at a more equitable distribution of wealth.

After-Tax Lorenz Curve

A graphical representation that shows the distribution of income or wealth within an economy after accounting for taxes.

Before-Tax Lorenz Curve

A graphical representation that shows the distribution of income or wealth among individuals or households before taxes are applied.

Lorenz Curve

A graphical representation of income or wealth distribution within a society, showing the proportion of overall income earned by cumulative percentages of the population.