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The Effective Rate of Protection Is a Weighted Average of Nominal

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The effective rate of protection is a weighted average of nominal tariffs and tariffs on imported inputs. It has been noted that in most industrialized countries, the nominal tariffs on raw materials or intermediate components or products are lower than on final-stage products meant for final markets. Why would countries design their tariff structures in this manner?
Who tends to be helped, and who is harmed by this cascading tariff structure?


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The branch of computer science focused on creating systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as understanding natural language and recognizing patterns.

Cognitive Psychology

An area of psychology focused on studying mental processes such as perception, memory, thinking, and problem-solving.

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The act of forecasting future events or conditions based on current knowledge or past experiences.

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