Describe the Institutional Structures in America's Foreign Policy Establishment and Critically

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The Answer is The institutions are well described in the text so it would be difficult for any student to introduce much originality on the institutional structures themselves. How well they serve as a basis for policy formulation is an issue that can only be decided by the dazzling success or catastrophic failure of individual policies. The student will therefore need to assemble some specific examples, preferably from both categories. Over the last half century, the failed invasion of Cuba which led to the Cuban Missile Crisis (Kennedy, 1961), escalating intervention in Vietnam from 1961 onwards (Kennedy / Johnson), subversive action in Chile (Nixon,1970-3), the Iranian hostage crisis and failed Operation Eagle Claw (Carter, 1980), the invasion of Grenada (Reagan,1983), and the decisions to invade Afghanistan (George W. Bush, 2001) and Iraq (George W. Bush, 2003) have all attracted strong international criticisms of US foreign policies. Only the invasion of Kuwait to liberate it from Iraq (George Bush, 1991) received any substantial measure of foreign support. Policy failures make more headlines than successes, but it seems clear that decision-making processes have often been ill-served by the institutional structures.

Describe the Institutional Structures in America's Foreign Policy Establishment and Critically

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