A Threat to Internal Validity of a Study Using a Two-Group

question 3

Multiple Choice

A threat to internal validity of a study using a two-group pretest-posttest design is that:

• A) external events are extremely likely to affect the outcome of these studies.
• B) people are more likely to drop out of this type of study.
• C) the pretest may sensitize subjects so they change their behavior or responses on the posttest.
• D) there is no way to determine if the groups are alike before starting the study.

Examine misconceptions about memory capacity and functionality.

Understand the different types of memory storage (sensory, short-term, and long-term) and their characteristics.

Comprehend the processes and strategies that enhance memory retention, such as chunking, maintenance and elaborative rehearsal.

Recognize the effects of primacy and recency on memory recall.

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Definitions:

Comparative Advantage

The ability of an entity to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another entity, leading to potential gains from trade.

Absolute Advantage

The ability of an individual, company, or country to produce a good or service more efficiently than competitors, using the same amount of resources.

Resource Endowments

These are the natural, human, and technological resources available to a country or region, crucial for economic development.

Comparative Advantage

A concept in economics that refers to a country's ability to produce goods and services at a lower opportunity cost than that of trade partners.